SISTEM
POLITIK BANI ABBASIYAH DI BAGHDAD
Kerajaan Bani ‘Abbasiyyah adalah khilafah
Islam yang paling lama memerintah dan berperanan dalam mewujudkan tamadun Islam
yang gemilang. Dalam sejarah Barat, tempoh pemerintahan Bani ‘Abbasiyyah
dikenali sebagai The Golden Age.
Terdapat tiga zaman perkembangan Bani ‘Abbasiyyah iaitu Zaman Perkembangan yang
disusuli oleh Zaman Perpecahan dan diakhiri oleh Zaman Kejatuhan.
![Image result for abbasid caliphate golden age](data:image/jpeg;base64,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)
Lakaran menunjukkan zaman keemasan Bani 'Abbasiyyah
Di Baghdad, Bani ‘Abbasiyyah merupakan
kekhalifahan Islam kedua yang berkuasa. Bani ‘Abbasiyyah memegang kekhaifahan
selama tiga abad dan mengembangkan kuasa Islam di Timur Tengah. Hal ini kerana
Bani ‘Abbasiyyah mengamalkan sistem politik yang mantap dan teguh kerana sistem
ini tidak ada pada era Bani Ummayyah.
Peta menunjukkan kawasan jajahan Bani 'Abbasiyyah
Bani ‘Abbasiyyah mengamalkan konsep
kekhalifahan yang seterusnya berkembang menjadi sistem politik mereka yang
menguatkan lagi pemerintahan Bani ‘Abbasiyyah selama tiga abad. Kekhalifahan
bermaksud pemerintahan dan konsep ini sesuai diterapkan searus dengan perubahan
politik, budaya dan garis masa.
Antara sistem politik Bani ‘Abbasiyyah yang
digunakan adalah kota Baghdad dijadikan sebagai ibu kota kerana sebelum ini ibu
kota Bani ‘Abbasiyyah berada di Damaskus. Ibu kota juga berperanan sebagai pusat kegiatan politik, ekonomi
dan juga budaya.
para ilmuan yang berada di ibu kota kerana ibu kota beroperasi sebagai pusat ilmu
Selain itu, para khalifah masih kekal dari Arab dan manakala
para menteri gabenor, panglima perang dan pegawai pegawai dipilih dari
keturunan Parsi dan Mawali. Ini kerana Bani 'Abbasiyyah amat mengambil berat mengenai suku kaum dan juga mengamalkan sistem Monarki. Sistem Monarki merupakan sistem pererintahan di mana takhta ataupun status diturunkan kepada darah daging dan saudara mara sahaja.
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Abbasids.png/400px-Abbasids.png)
Salasilah khalifah abbasiyyah yang berketurunan Arab sahaja
Seterusnya, ilmu pengetahuan diambil berat kerana
ini merupakan salah satu faktor Bani ‘Abbasiyyah berupaya mengembangkan
pemerintahan sehingga ke pelusuk dunia. Akhir sekali, sistem politik yang
digunakan oleh dinasti Bani ‘Abbasiyyah adalah para menteri yang berketurunan
Parsi diberi kepercayaan untuk menjalankan tugas untuk memerintah dan sekali lagi ini hasil daripada sistem Monarki.
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